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HMS Queen Mary
HMS ''Queen Mary'' was the last battlecruiser built by the Royal Navy before World War I. The sole member of her class, ''Queen Mary'' shared many features with the s, including her eight guns. She was completed in 1913 and participated in the Battle of Heligoland Bight as part of the Grand Fleet in 1914. Like most of the modern British battlecruisers, she never left the North Sea during the war. As part of the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron, she attempted to intercept a German force that bombarded the North Sea coast of England in December 1914, but was unsuccessful. She was refitting in early 1915 and missed the Battle of Dogger Bank in January, but participated in the largest fleet action of the war, the Battle of Jutland in mid-1916. She was hit twice by the German battlecruiser during the early part of the battle and her magazines exploded shortly afterwards, sinking the ship.
Her wreck was discovered in 1991 and rests in pieces, some of which are upside down, on the floor of the North Sea. ''Queen Mary'' is designated as a protected place under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986 as it is the grave of 1,266 officers and men.
==Design==
''Queen Mary'' was ordered, together with the four battleships of the , under the 1910–11 Naval Programme. As was the usual pattern of the time, only one battlecruiser was ordered per naval programme. She differed from her predecessors of the ''Lion'' class in the distribution of her secondary armament and armour and in the location of the officers' quarters. Every capital ship since the design of the battleship in 1905 had placed the officers' quarters closer to their action stations amidships; after complaints from the Fleet, ''Queen Mary'' was the first battlecruiser to restore the quarters to their traditional place in the stern.〔Burt, p. 163〕 In addition, she was the first battlecruiser to mount a sternwalk.〔Parkes, pp. 531–536〕
''Queen Mary'', the only ship of her name ever to serve in the Royal Navy,〔Colledge, p. 283〕 was named for Mary of Teck, the wife of King George V.〔Silverstone, p. 259〕 The Queen's representative at the ship's christening on 20 March 1912 was the wife of Viscount Allendale.
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